Modelling Hazard for Tailings Dam Failures at Copper Mines in Global Supply Chains
نویسندگان
چکیده
The global mining industry generates several billion tons of waste every year. Much it is stored in liquid form, known as tailings, large impoundments. Recent dam failures at tailing ponds with catastrophic outcomes have raised public concern, such that initiatives and investors are beginning to address the problem. So far, a lack publicly available data makes an independent comprehensive risk assessment challenging. We introduce simple transparent hazard indicator built from environmental proxy variables screen sample 112 copper mines for natural hazards regarding tailings dams. In second step, material footprints European Union five major economies estimated compared using Multi-Regional Input–Output model, shedding light on regions origin. Finally, scores linked regional identify hotspots supply chains final consumption. most hazardous located Chile Peru including some world’s largest producers. China US ore per capita values were 25 times larger than India. United States’ satisfied by domestic extraction about 66 40 percent respectively. Copper Poland contributes around 19 28 German demand respectively and, consequence, constitutes main hotspot Europe’s chain.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Resources
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2079-9276']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources11100095